Electrical Engineering Shanghai içindeki etkinlikler


wire China
wire China Shanghai: A Global Hub for the Wire and Cable Industry
wire China Shanghai is widely recognized as one of the most influential exhibitions in the global wire and cable sector. Established in 2004, the event has grown into a key communication platform where technology, expertise, and international collaboration come together. Hosted at the Shanghai New International Expo Centre in Shanghai, the fair benefits from its location in one of Asia’s most dynamic economic centers.
Held every other September, the exhibition attracts a diverse audience of professionals, from engineers and manufacturers to business leaders and decision-makers. Organized jointly by Messe Düsseldorf (Shanghai) Co., Ltd and Shanghai Electric Cable Research Institute Co., Ltd, the event reflects a strong partnership between international expertise and local industry knowledge. This combination ensures that the fair remains both globally relevant and closely connected to regional developments.
Exploring the Full Spectrum of Wire and Cable Technologies
One of the defining strengths of wire China Shanghai is its comprehensive coverage of the entire wire and cable value chain. Rather than focusing on a single niche, the exhibition brings together a wide range of technologies and solutions that support modern infrastructure and industrial development.
Visitors can explore key areas such as:
- Machinery for wire production, processing, and refinement
- Advanced materials used in specialized cables
- Measurement and control technologies for precision manufacturing
- High-performance wires for industrial, automotive, and energy applications
- Innovative solutions for data transmission and communication systems
This diversity allows attendees to gain a complete understanding of how the industry operates, from raw materials to finished products. It also highlights the critical role that wire and cable technologies play in supporting everything from energy networks to digital communication.
Innovation Driven by Global and Local Expertise
A major highlight of the exhibition is the presence of leading brands from both China and international markets. These companies showcase their latest innovations, offering visitors a firsthand look at cutting-edge equipment and emerging trends.
For local professionals, the event provides a valuable opportunity to engage with global technologies without leaving the region. At the same time, international exhibitors gain access to one of the world’s largest and fastest-growing markets. This exchange creates a balanced environment where knowledge flows in both directions.
Key benefits for participants include:
- Access to the latest industrial technologies and machinery
- Opportunities to build partnerships with global and regional companies
- Insights into market trends and future industry developments
- Direct interaction with decision-makers and technical experts
Such interactions are essential in an industry where precision, efficiency, and reliability are paramount.
Part of a Global Exhibition Network
The significance of wire China Shanghai extends beyond a single event. It is part of a broader international exhibition network inspired by Wire Düsseldorf, one of the world’s leading trade fairs for the sector. This global series includes events in multiple countries, creating a continuous platform for innovation and collaboration across different markets.
Being part of this network enhances the credibility and reach of the Shanghai exhibition. It ensures that the technologies and ideas presented are aligned with global standards while still addressing regional needs. For participants, this means access to a truly international perspective on the industry.
Shanghai and SNIEC: A Perfect Setting for Industry Exchange
The choice of venue plays a crucial role in the success of the event. The Shanghai New International Expo Centre is one of the most advanced exhibition centers in Asia, offering modern facilities and excellent infrastructure. Its strategic location in Shanghai makes it easily accessible for both domestic and international visitors.
The city itself adds significant value to the experience. As a global financial and industrial hub, Shanghai provides a vibrant backdrop for business activities. Visitors can combine their participation in the exhibition with broader market exploration, making their trip even more productive.
More Than an Exhibition: A Platform for Progress
wire China Shanghai is not just a place to display products it is a space where ideas are exchanged, challenges are addressed, and future solutions are shaped. The event reflects the evolving nature of the wire and cable industry, which continues to adapt to new demands in energy, communication, and technology.
What makes the exhibition truly meaningful is its human dimension. Behind every machine and every cable lies a network of people working to build more efficient, reliable, and connected systems. The fair brings these people together, fostering collaboration that drives real progress.
In a world increasingly dependent on connectivity and infrastructure, the importance of such platforms cannot be overstated. wire China Shanghai stands as a testament to how industry, innovation, and cooperation can come together to shape the future.


TestConX China
TestConX China: Exploring the Changing Landscape of Electronics Testing
TestConX China is a specialized event focused on one of the most important stages in modern electronics manufacturing: testing. The event brings attention to the technologies, processes, materials, and operational practices that help manufacturers determine whether electronic devices and systems perform as intended. With a program covering everything from test consumables and test cell integration to validation, advanced packaging, system-level verification, and finished-product testing, the event reflects how dramatically the role of testing has changed over the past two decades.
Testing is no longer simply the final checkpoint before an electronic product leaves a factory. Today's semiconductor and electronics industries work with increasingly sophisticated architectures, compact packages, complex modules, and highly integrated systems. As products become more advanced, manufacturers need equally advanced ways to verify them. TestConX China provides a dedicated environment for professionals to examine these challenges and discover approaches that can make testing more accurate, efficient, and adaptable.
How Electronics Testing Has Evolved
The development of TestConX over its twenty-year history mirrors a much larger transformation in electronics manufacturing. Earlier generations of semiconductor production placed considerable emphasis on packaged-device functional testing and burn-in. These processes remain essential, but they are now only part of a much broader testing ecosystem.
Modern products may need to be evaluated at several points throughout their development and manufacturing journey. Engineers can begin with validation during the design stage, move into semiconductor testing, assess advanced packages and modules, and eventually verify the performance of the complete system or finished product.
This expansion has occurred because electronic products themselves have changed. Semiconductor packages can contain more functionality, components can be integrated into increasingly compact assemblies, and systems can combine hardware from multiple technological domains. A single successful test at one stage does not necessarily guarantee that every aspect of the final product will function correctly.
A modern test strategy must therefore answer a much wider range of questions. Does the individual device work? Does the package remain reliable under operating conditions? Do multiple components communicate correctly? Does the complete module behave as expected? And, ultimately, does the finished product deliver the experience and performance required by its application?
Test Consumables and the Details That Matter
A sophisticated test system depends on many components that may not attract attention outside the testing community. Test consumables are a good example. They provide the physical and electrical interface needed to connect devices with testing equipment, making them fundamental to repeatable measurements.
The importance of these interfaces becomes especially apparent in high-volume manufacturing. Test equipment may perform thousands or millions of operations, meaning that small inconsistencies can eventually become major operational problems. Contact quality, durability, precision, contamination, wear, and compatibility can all influence test results and equipment availability.
As package designs become smaller and more complex, the demands placed on test interfaces also increase. Engineers may need to establish reliable connections to densely arranged contacts or unusual package structures while maintaining high throughput.
This makes consumables more than disposable accessories. They are part of the overall test strategy and can influence productivity, reliability, and cost. Discussions around this subject allow manufacturers to consider how interface technologies are evolving alongside the devices they are designed to test.
Creating Better Test Cell Integration
A test cell brings together equipment, software, handling systems, interfaces, and operational procedures. When these elements work effectively as one system, manufacturers can improve throughput and reduce unnecessary interruptions. When they do not, even high-performance equipment can become a source of inefficiency.
Test cell integration is therefore an important practical concern. Manufacturers may need to connect equipment from different suppliers, automate device handling, coordinate test sequences, collect data, and ensure that results are transferred correctly into manufacturing systems.
The challenge becomes more complicated when factories produce multiple product types. A test environment needs enough flexibility to accommodate changing requirements without sacrificing consistency or speed.
Well-integrated test cells can provide several advantages:
More consistent workflows by reducing unnecessary manual intervention.
Higher utilization of equipment through coordinated operations and automation.
Improved data collection by connecting test results with manufacturing systems.
Faster identification of problems through better process visibility.
Greater production flexibility when systems can be adapted to different products.
Reduced operational waste by minimizing unnecessary handling and downtime.
The objective is not simply to automate everything. Effective integration means creating a test environment in which hardware, software, people, and processes support one another.
Validation Moves Testing Earlier in the Product Lifecycle
One of the most significant changes in electronics testing is the increasing importance of validation. Instead of discovering problems only during production, engineers want to identify potential weaknesses much earlier.
Validation allows development teams to examine whether a design behaves as expected before it reaches full-scale manufacturing. This can be especially important for complex semiconductor architectures and advanced packages, where a design issue discovered late in the process may be extremely expensive to correct.
Early testing can provide information about electrical behavior, thermal characteristics, functional performance, and interactions between different components. It can also help engineers understand how design decisions affect manufacturability.
This approach changes the role of testing. Rather than being viewed exclusively as a quality-control activity, testing becomes a source of information that supports product development.
The earlier useful information becomes available, the more opportunities engineers have to respond to it. A problem found during development can potentially be addressed through a design change, while the same problem discovered after large-scale production may result in substantial losses.
Advanced Packaging Creates New Test Requirements
The growth of advanced packaging is another major factor influencing the testing industry. Semiconductor development is increasingly moving beyond traditional single-die approaches, with technologies that can combine multiple dies, functions, and materials in highly integrated structures.
These architectures can offer significant performance benefits, but they also complicate verification. Engineers may need to evaluate individual elements as well as the package as a whole. Access to internal functions, high-density interconnections, thermal behavior, and communication between different components can all create additional testing challenges.
A package may pass an individual component test and still exhibit unexpected behavior when integrated with other elements. Consequently, test strategies must increasingly account for interactions rather than looking only at isolated devices.
This is one reason advanced packaging testing has become an important part of the broader TestConX program. The industry needs methodologies capable of keeping pace with packaging innovation without making production unnecessarily slow or expensive.
The Growing Role of Module Test
Between individual semiconductor devices and complete finished products lies another important layer: the module. Modules can combine processors, memory, sensors, power electronics, communication components, or other devices into a functional unit.
Testing at this level can reveal issues that are invisible when components are examined separately. Electrical interactions, thermal conditions, communication paths, timing relationships, and mechanical characteristics may change once components operate together.
Module testing therefore provides an additional level of confidence before a system moves toward final assembly.
It also introduces practical questions about test coverage. Manufacturers need to determine which functions should be tested at the module level, which should be verified earlier, and which are better evaluated only when the complete system is assembled.
Finding the right balance is important because more testing is not automatically better. Excessive or redundant testing can increase cost and production time. The goal is to obtain meaningful information at the right stage while maintaining an efficient manufacturing flow.
System-Level Test Looks at the Bigger Picture
As electronic products become more integrated, system-level test has become increasingly important. Individual components can meet their specifications while the complete system still fails to deliver the expected result.
System-level testing evaluates a larger combination of hardware and software under conditions that more closely resemble actual use. Depending on the product, this may involve checking communication, power behavior, thermal performance, functionality, interaction between subsystems, and overall system response.
The challenge is to make such testing realistic without turning it into an impractical production bottleneck.
Manufacturers therefore need carefully designed test strategies. Some functions may be verified at the component level, others at the module level, and the remaining system interactions at final test. Effective allocation of test coverage can improve both confidence and manufacturing efficiency.
This broader approach demonstrates how the definition of “test” has expanded. It is no longer limited to asking whether an individual semiconductor works. It is increasingly about understanding whether multiple technologies work together as a complete product.
From Semiconductor Test to Finished Product
The ultimate objective of electronics manufacturing is to produce a finished product that performs reliably in its intended environment. That means the testing process cannot necessarily end with a semiconductor or module.
Finished-product testing provides a final opportunity to verify that the assembled system functions correctly. Depending on the application, this may involve functional checks, performance measurements, connectivity tests, communication verification, power assessment, or other product-specific procedures.
The transition from component-level testing to final product verification creates a chain of information. Results collected earlier can help explain problems discovered later, while final-test data can reveal patterns that suggest improvements in upstream processes.
This makes data continuity increasingly important. A modern manufacturing operation benefits when test information can be connected across different stages rather than being stored in isolated systems.
A comprehensive testing strategy can therefore be seen as a progression:
Validation examines designs and technologies before production.
Functional semiconductor test verifies individual packaged devices.
Advanced packaging test addresses increasingly complex integrated structures.
Module testing checks groups of components working together.
System-level testing evaluates broader hardware and software interactions.
Finished-product testing confirms that the final assembly meets its intended requirements.
Each stage has a distinct purpose, but together they create a much more complete picture of product quality.
Managing the Operational Side of Testing
Technical capability is only one part of a successful test operation. Manufacturers also need to manage scheduling, equipment availability, maintenance, staffing, data, consumables, and production targets.
A test process that produces excellent technical results but operates too slowly can become a manufacturing bottleneck. Conversely, a very fast test that provides insufficient coverage can allow defects to escape.
Operational efficiency therefore depends on finding an appropriate balance. Automation can help reduce repetitive work, while better integration can improve coordination between equipment and production systems. Predictive maintenance and monitoring can potentially reduce unexpected downtime, and better data management can help identify recurring process problems.
The operational side of testing is particularly important in high-volume manufacturing, where small improvements can accumulate into substantial gains. Reducing a few seconds from a repeated process or increasing equipment availability by a small percentage can have a meaningful financial impact over an extended production run.
Knowledge Exchange Across the Testing Community
An event dedicated to testing provides more than an opportunity to examine equipment. It creates a place where professionals can compare experiences and discuss problems that may be difficult to solve independently.
Manufacturers can learn how other facilities approach test-cell organization or advanced packaging challenges. Engineers can discuss new methodologies with technology providers. Suppliers can receive direct feedback about the practical limitations of current products.
These conversations are valuable because testing often involves highly specific operational details. A solution that works well in one environment may require modification in another due to different package types, production volumes, product architectures, or quality requirements.
Sharing experience can help professionals understand not only what a technology is designed to do but also how it behaves in real production conditions.
Preparing for More Complex Electronics
The trajectory of electronics manufacturing suggests that testing will continue to expand rather than become less important. Products are becoming more integrated, packages are becoming more sophisticated, and the distinction between components, modules, and systems is becoming increasingly blurred.
These trends create pressure for testing technologies that are faster, more precise, more flexible, and better integrated with manufacturing data.
Advanced packaging will remain a major influence, particularly as manufacturers seek new ways to combine computing, memory, communication, sensing, and other functions. The resulting structures may require testing approaches that are significantly different from those used for traditional packages.
At the same time, finished products will continue to demand higher reliability. Customers expect electronic systems to operate consistently, often under demanding conditions and for long periods. Comprehensive verification will therefore remain an essential part of product development and manufacturing.
Why TestConX China Matters
The value of TestConX China lies in its broad understanding of what modern electronics testing has become. It recognizes that testing is not one isolated operation at the end of a production line. It is a connected process that can begin during validation and continue through semiconductor, package, module, system, and finished-product testing.
Its focus on test consumables, test cell integration, and test operations complements this wider view. These practical elements determine how efficiently testing can be implemented in real manufacturing environments.
For engineers, the event can provide an opportunity to investigate new approaches to technical and operational challenges. For manufacturers, it offers a chance to consider ways of improving productivity and test coverage. For suppliers, it provides direct access to professionals who understand the requirements of modern production.
Most importantly, the event reflects the increasing importance of testing as electronics become more complicated. A product can only be as reliable as the processes used to verify it.
Looking to the Future of Electronics Test
The next generation of electronics will demand new approaches to verification. As semiconductor architectures evolve, packaging becomes more advanced, and complete systems integrate greater numbers of functions, manufacturers will need to rethink how and when testing is performed.
The industry is moving toward a more connected model in which validation, component testing, packaging verification, module analysis, system-level assessment, and final product testing work together. Better integration between these stages can help manufacturers identify problems earlier, improve production efficiency, and build greater confidence in the finished product.
TestConX China provides a forum for examining this transition. Its expanded scope reflects the reality that electronics testing has become a broad engineering discipline involving hardware, software, interfaces, data, manufacturing processes, and operational strategy.
As technology continues to advance, the ability to test effectively will become an increasingly important competitive advantage. Manufacturers that can combine thorough verification with efficient operations will be better prepared to handle complex products, changing production requirements, and demanding quality expectations.
Ultimately, the future of electronics testing is about more than finding defects. It is about generating reliable information at every stage of development and manufacturing, using that information to improve processes, and ensuring that the final product performs as expected. TestConX China provides a dedicated setting for the professionals working toward that goal, helping the testing community exchange knowledge and prepare for the next generation of electronic systems.


IC China
IC China: Exploring the Future of Semiconductor Technology
IC China, the China International Semiconductor Expo, is a major professional exhibition and summit dedicated to the development of the semiconductor industry. The event provides a specialized platform for companies, engineers, researchers, technology developers, and industry professionals to examine the latest solutions in semiconductor and optoelectronic integrated circuit design, development, manufacturing, and application. As semiconductor technologies continue to influence almost every area of modern life, events focused on this industry play an increasingly important role in connecting innovation with practical applications.
The semiconductor sector is at the foundation of many modern technologies. From mobile devices and communications equipment to intelligent vehicles, industrial automation, digital infrastructure, and consumer electronics, integrated circuits enable the functionality of countless products and systems. IC China brings together different areas of this complex ecosystem, allowing participants to discover technologies, exchange expertise, and explore opportunities for cooperation.
A Dedicated Platform for the Semiconductor Industry
The semiconductor industry depends on continuous technological development. Manufacturers and technology companies are constantly working to improve performance, reduce power consumption, increase processing capabilities, and develop increasingly compact and reliable components. At the same time, new applications are creating demand for specialized integrated circuits and advanced semiconductor materials.
IC China provides an environment where these developments can be presented and discussed. The exhibition and summit bring together professionals interested in both the technical and commercial sides of semiconductor innovation. Participants can learn about new products, follow industry developments, and communicate directly with companies involved in different stages of the technology chain.
The event is also valuable because semiconductor development involves many interconnected processes. Design, materials, manufacturing, assembly, testing, software, and system integration all contribute to the performance of a finished electronic product. Bringing these areas together makes it easier for professionals to understand how individual technologies fit into the larger semiconductor ecosystem.
Advanced Technologies and New Semiconductor Materials
Materials are fundamental to semiconductor development. As manufacturers pursue greater efficiency and improved performance, new materials and material combinations are being investigated for applications across electronics and optoelectronics.
IC China highlights advanced technologies and products alongside new semiconductor materials, giving visitors an opportunity to explore developments that may influence future manufacturing. For companies involved in research and production, understanding these developments can be important when planning new products or upgrading existing processes.
The exhibition's broad technology coverage allows participants to examine several stages of semiconductor development, including:
Advanced semiconductor technologies and products designed for increasingly demanding electronic applications.
New semiconductor materials that can support improved performance and specialized functionality.
Automated design systems helping engineers develop increasingly complex integrated circuits.
Assembly technologies supporting accurate and efficient semiconductor production.
Modern integrated circuit applications demonstrating how semiconductor innovations are being incorporated into different industries.
This combination gives visitors a more complete understanding of how semiconductor technology moves from fundamental materials and design concepts toward finished applications.
Automated Design and the Development of Integrated Circuits
As integrated circuits become more complex, designing them manually becomes increasingly difficult. Automated design systems help engineers manage the enormous number of components and connections involved in modern semiconductor development.
The role of design technologies is therefore an important part of the wider semiconductor ecosystem. Advanced design tools can help engineers create, simulate, test, and optimize circuits before they enter manufacturing. This can improve development efficiency and help companies respond more effectively to demanding technical requirements.
IC China provides an opportunity for professionals to explore developments in automated design and consider how these systems can contribute to their own projects. Discussions between designers, equipment providers, semiconductor manufacturers, and application developers can also reveal new opportunities for cooperation.
The interaction between design and manufacturing is particularly important. A successful integrated circuit must not only perform its intended function but also be suitable for efficient production. Communication between different parts of the supply chain can help address these challenges earlier in the development process.
Assembly Technologies and Semiconductor Manufacturing
The production of semiconductor devices does not end when an integrated circuit has been designed. Assembly is another critical stage in which components are prepared for integration into electronic systems. Precision, reliability, and efficiency are essential throughout this process.
IC China includes assembly technologies among its areas of focus, allowing professionals to examine equipment and approaches used to support semiconductor production. For manufacturers, such technologies can influence production capacity, consistency, quality, and overall operating efficiency.
The exhibition environment makes it possible to compare different approaches and communicate directly with technology providers. Visitors can discuss their specific manufacturing requirements and learn how particular solutions may address them.
This practical interaction is one of the main advantages of attending a specialized industry event. Product documentation can provide important technical information, but direct conversations with specialists often reveal additional details about implementation, compatibility, maintenance, and potential applications.
Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits and Emerging Applications
Semiconductor technology increasingly extends beyond conventional electronic processing. Optoelectronic integrated circuits combine electronic and optical functions and can support applications where high-speed information transfer and advanced signal processing are essential.
The inclusion of optoelectronic technologies within IC China's scope reflects the broader evolution of the industry. As communication networks and digital systems become more demanding, technologies capable of handling large amounts of information efficiently are gaining importance.
Professionals can use the event to examine how developments in semiconductor and optoelectronic integration may contribute to future communication, computing, sensing, and industrial applications. These technologies also demonstrate the increasingly close relationship between semiconductor engineering and other areas of advanced technology.
Embedded Systems, Wireless Networks, and Digital Technologies
The importance of semiconductors becomes particularly clear when looking at the systems in which integrated circuits are used. IC China covers applications extending into embedded systems, wireless local area networks, digital technologies, and other areas where semiconductor components form the foundation of intelligent functionality.
Embedded systems are now found in a wide range of products, from industrial equipment and vehicles to consumer electronics and specialized devices. These systems rely on processors, memory, sensors, communication interfaces, and other integrated components working together efficiently.
Wireless technologies create another important application area. Wireless local area networks depend on sophisticated semiconductor solutions to transmit and process information reliably. As connectivity becomes a standard feature of more devices, demand for efficient and capable wireless components continues to grow.
Digital technology brings these developments together. Modern digital systems require increasingly powerful processing capabilities while often operating under strict requirements for energy efficiency, size, and reliability.
Mobile Television and Modern Communication Solutions
Communication technologies represent another important area connected with semiconductor innovation. Mobile television stations and related systems require specialized electronic components capable of supporting signal processing, transmission, and reception.
Developments in this field demonstrate how semiconductor technologies can move directly into communication applications. Improvements at the component level can contribute to better performance at the system level, enabling more capable and efficient communication equipment.
By presenting semiconductor technologies alongside their potential applications, IC China can help participants understand the relationship between component development and end-user products. This perspective is useful for both technology developers and companies searching for components or systems that can support their next generation of products.
Connecting Industry Professionals and Technology Developers
A major advantage of an international semiconductor exhibition and summit is the opportunity to meet specialists from different areas of the industry. Semiconductor development is highly collaborative, and companies often depend on external suppliers, technology partners, equipment manufacturers, and design specialists.
IC China creates an environment for these connections. Exhibitors can demonstrate their capabilities, while visitors can search for technologies and partners that fit their specific requirements. Engineers can discuss technical challenges, business representatives can explore commercial cooperation, and researchers can exchange ideas about emerging technologies.
Professional networking can lead to many different forms of cooperation:
technology partnerships and joint development;
supplier and manufacturer relationships;
cooperation between research and industrial organizations;
business expansion into new application areas;
exchange of expertise and technical experience.
These relationships can continue well beyond the exhibition itself. An introduction at a professional event may become the starting point for a long-term project or strategic partnership.
Why IC China Matters for the Future of Electronics
Semiconductors are increasingly central to economic development and technological progress. Artificial intelligence, connected devices, digital infrastructure, advanced communications, automation, and intelligent transportation all depend on increasingly sophisticated semiconductor solutions.
This creates both opportunities and challenges for the industry. Companies must innovate rapidly while maintaining quality, reliability, and production efficiency. They also need to understand how technologies developed in one area can be applied in another.
IC China provides a setting in which these questions can be explored. By covering materials, design systems, assembly, integrated circuits, embedded systems, wireless technologies, and digital applications, the event presents a broad view of the semiconductor ecosystem.
For professionals, this makes participation valuable not only as a way to discover individual products but also as an opportunity to understand wider industry trends. Seeing technologies from different stages of development together can help companies identify potential opportunities and make more informed strategic decisions.
A Gateway to New Semiconductor Opportunities
The China International Semiconductor Expo combines exhibition activities with a professional summit, creating a comprehensive environment for technology discovery and industry communication. Participants can explore advanced semiconductor products, learn about emerging materials, examine design and assembly technologies, and investigate how integrated circuits are being applied across different sectors.
The event's broad scope reflects the complexity of today's semiconductor industry. Innovation no longer takes place in a single isolated part of the production process. Materials, automated design, manufacturing, assembly, software, communications, and system applications are increasingly interconnected.
For companies and professionals working in this field, IC China provides an opportunity to become part of that wider conversation. It brings together the technologies and people needed to understand current developments and explore future possibilities.
Ultimately, IC China serves as a professional platform where semiconductor innovation can meet practical industry demand. By connecting developers, manufacturers, engineers, researchers, and application providers, the event supports the exchange of knowledge and the creation of new business and technological relationships. As integrated circuits continue to shape the future of digital and connected technologies, such a platform can play an important role in helping the semiconductor industry develop the solutions required for the next generation of electronics.